The Dialectic Between Life and Death in the Novel (The Kingdom of Disha) The dialectic is based on the interaction and contrast between two opposing elements whose conflict produces a deeper meaning of existence and truth. Therefore, the duality of life and death has been one of the most prominent issues in human thought and literature throughout the ages. Life cannot be understood in isolation from mortality, just as death does not appear merely as a final rupture, but rather as a stage in a process of transformation, transition, and reshaping. Hence, this duality has become one of the most important philosophical and narrative structures upon which the modern novel relies in constructing its vision of humanity, the world, and destiny.    In light of this perspective, this research examines the dialectic of life and death in the novel *The Kingdom of Desha*, by revealing the representations of these two values ??as the core of the text's philosophical and narrative structure. Death in the novel does not appear as a random event or an absolute end, but rather as a gateway to rebirth and repeated rebirth, while life takes on a cyclical, transformative form linked to prophecies, time cycles, and the renewal of destinies and characters. The reading reveals that the novel establishes an intricate existential conflict whose elements cannot be separated. Death is not the antithesis of life, but rather a condition for its continuation, and life only finds stability through traversing the ordeal of annihilation and renewal.    The importance of this theme lies in its unveiling of a new existential and philosophical dimension in contemporary Arabic fantasy narrative. It demonstrates that the modern novel has become capable of employing mythological symbols, imagined spaces, and temporal cycles to produce a profound intellectual discourse that rivals many international narrative experiences. The study also gains significance from the fact that the novel makes the dialectic of life and death a primary driving force in the construction of characters, events, time, and place. This opens up a broad critical field for studying the Arabic novel with its symbolic and existential tendencies, and for understanding the nature of the transformations that modern Arabic narrative is undergoing in its treatment of the great questions related to existence and destiny. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach, tracing the narrative manifestations of the duality of life and death, analyzing their artistic and symbolic significance, and elucidating their relationship to the overall structure of the text. It draws upon concepts from structuralist, symbolic, and existential criticism whenever the analysis warrants it. The research also seeks to explore how this dialectic transforms into an active narrative force that reshapes characters and guides their trajectories within the fictional world.

   This study examines the representation of the concepts of “self” and “other” in the short story collection Harret al-Yahud by Muhammad Jibril (1938-2022) and attempts to show how the author, through allegorical and realistic fantasy narratives, represents the crisis of individual and collective identity of Egyptian man in the context of contemporary historical and social developments. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the analysis of the fluid and unstable relationship of self/other; a relationship that is not based on simple opposition, but on processes of fear, habit, silence, and transformation. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on a careful reading of the text, and the evidence is extracted directly from the aforementioned narrative. Analysis of stories from this collection such as “Haddad as-Stadhafi fi Ayam al-Anfushi”, “Al-Tufan” and “Al-Mustahil” shows that the “other” in this collection often has an ambiguous, unknown and unnameable face and, rather than being a specific individual or group, represents a dominant and imposed order. In contrast, the “self” gradually progresses from initial shock to habituation and then to the collapse of consciousness or the impossibility of identity. The research findings indicate that Jibril considers silence and habit to be the most important mechanisms for establishing dominance; in such a way that society, without direct violence, accepts another order. The inability of official institutions, the erosion of collective memory and the elimination of conscious action are among the consequences of this situation. Space and place also play an active role in this process, and the contrast between open coastal spaces and closed neighborhood spaces acts as a platform for the formation or decline of identity. Overall, the research shows that Harat al-Yahud is a critical and warning text that considers the collapse of the “self” not simply as a result of the presence of the “other,” but rather as a consequence of fear, silence, and habit, and turns literature into an arena for exposing hidden mechanisms of power and rethinking human historical responsibility.

  This

     The experience of the martyred poet Ali al-Ramahi is among the most prominent poetic experiences that embodied the profound fusion between poetic art and ideological spirit. The legacy of Imam Hussein and his religious convictions formed two fundamental axes in his literary project, making his poetry truly aligned with the path of resistance and Islamic consciousness.

literature.  

   يتمحور هذا البحث حول دراسة البناء السردي في رواية (مخيم المواركة) للروائي العراقي جابر خليفة جابر، وهي رواية تنتمي إلى تيار ما بعد الحداثة في السرد العربي، وتتميّز بتجريبها الفني وغناها الرمزي واعتمادها على بنية غير تقليدية تدمج بين الحكاية والوثيقة وبين البعد النفسي والبعد التاريخي. ويُركز البحث على تحليل أربعة مكونات أساسية في هذا البناء السردي: أنماط الشخصيات والحدث والزمان والمكان، وهي عناصر تُعدّ ضرورية لفهم الكيفية التي يُبنى من خلالها العالم الروائي، ويتم عبرها تمرير الرسائل الفكرية والرمزية للنص.    تُقدَّم الشخصيات في الرواية بأسلوب غير مباشر، حيث لا يتم تقديمها وفق أنماط ثابتة أو أوصاف جاهزة، بل يتم بناؤها تدريجيًا من خلال شظايا السرد، ومقاطع الرسائل، والتأملات الذاتية، والحوار الداخلي. كما تتداخل الأزمنة وتتشظى في الرواية، لتُنتج سرداً متقطعًا وغير خطي، يُعيد صياغة العلاقة بين الماضي والحاضر بطريقة تعكس عمق التداخل بين الذاكرة الفردية والجمعية. أما المكان، فلا يُقدَّم كفضاء جامد، بل كعنصر ديناميكي يتغيّر ويكتسب معاني رمزية مرتبطة بالاغتراب والمنفى والتيه، لا سيما من خلال صورة (المخيم) الذي يشكّل محورًا سرديًا وثقافيًا في الرواية.    تبرز أهمية هذا الموضوع من عدة جوانب متداخلة. أولاً، لأن الرواية تمثّل نموذجاً سردياً معاصراً يستجيب لتحديات الواقع العربي وتحوّلاته الثقافية والسياسية، إذ توظّف الموروث التاريخي في مقاربة الواقع الحديث من خلال رموز المأساة والنفي والتهجير. وثانياً، لأن دراسة البناء السردي فيها تكشف عن قدرة الكاتب على تجاوز الأشكال الكلاسيكية للسرد، واستثماره الواعي للأدوات السردية الحديثة، ما يجعل العمل الروائي ذاته وسيلة لفهم الواقع وإعادة إنتاجه.    كما أن تحليل عناصر مثل أنماط الشخصيات والزمان والمكان لا يقتصر على تفكيك تقنيات الرواية، بل يساعد على استكشاف دلالاتها الأعمق، وإضاءة الأسئلة التي تطرحها حول الهوية، والسلطة، والمصير، والانتماء. فالشخصيات في الرواية ليست نماذج فردية فقط، بل تمثيلات لذوات مهمّشة، مشروخة، تعيش صراعها الداخلي وسط عالم مأزوم. والزمان فيها لا يُقدَّم بوصفه مجرّد تسلسل للأحداث، بل كنسق سردي يعبّر عن اختلال العلاقات بين الذاكرة والحاضر. أما المكان، فهو أكثر من مجرّد خلفية للأحداث؛ بل يتحول إلى معادل رمزي لحالة الإنسان المُنفِي، والهوية القلقة، والحلم المنكسر.    إن هذا البحث يسهم في إلقاء الضوء على كيفية تحوّل الرواية من سرد للوقائع إلى فضاء معرفي وجمالي، يُعيد تشكيل العلاقة بين الإنسان والعالم، ويستخدم أدوات الأدب لتفكيك مفاهيم الواقع والتاريخ والذاكرة. وهذا ما يمنح الموضوع راهنيته وأهميته الأكاديمية، خاصة في ظل تحوّل الرواية العربية المعاصرة إلى ساحة للتعبير عن قضايا كبرى تتجاوز المحلي والآني إلى الإنساني والوجودي. إن الأطروحة   تعتمد على المنهج التحليلي الوصفي.    أظهرت نتائج البحث أن رواية (مخيم المواركة) تقوم على بنية سردية مركّبة، تُوظف تعدد الأصوات وتنوع الأساليب والتقنيات، مما يجعلها نصًا مفتوحاً على التأويل. ففيما يخص أنماط الشخصيات، يتضح أن الرواية تُقدّم شخوصها بطريقة تكسّر النمط التقليدي، حيث تتشكل عبر الحكي غير المباشر، والوثائق، والرسائل، والتداعيات النفسية. وتتنوع هذه الشخصيات بين شخصيات متأملة، مطاردة، صامتة، أو متمرّدة، مما يعكس تشظي الذات البشرية تحت ضغط المنفى والذاكرة والتاريخ.    أما فيما يتعلق بالزمان السردي، فقد تبين أن الرواية لا تتبع تسلسلًا خطيًا، بل تعتمد على التقطيع الزمني والتلاعب بالماضي والحاضر، مستخدمة أساليب مثل الاسترجاع والاستباق لكشف عمق التجربة الإنسانية التي تمر بها الشخصيات. وبهذا يصبح الزمن أداة لكشف العلاقة المتوترة بين الماضي المنكسر والحاضر المعلّق والمستقبل الغامض. هذا الانزياح عن الزمن الخطي يمنح الرواية بعدها الفلسفي، ويجعلها تمارس نقدًا ضمنيًا لفكرة (الزمن التاريخي) بوصفه مساراً تقدمياً مستقيمًا.    وفيما يخص المكان فقد أظهرت الدراسة أن الرواية تستخدم المكان بوصفه حاملاً رمزياً ودلاليًا. (المخيم) ليس مجرد مكان للإقامة، بل هو حالة وجودية تعبر عن اللجوء، والانفصال، والانكسار. كذلك، فإن الأماكن الأخرى التي تظهر في النص تكتسب قيمة رمزية وتاريخية، تعبّر عن خيبات الجماعة وهواجس الفرد، وتحيل إلى ذاكرة جمعية تتكرر مآسيها رغم تغيّر الأمكنة والوجوه.

In contemporary times, resistance literature in the form of poetry and prose has attracted the attention of many writers, and writers have expanded the themes of resistance in their works. Resistance literature is a type of committed and committed literature that has crossed many borders and chosen different schools for itself. Examining this issue in two different languages and expanding the discussion has led to unity and empathy across borders. Martyr Ismail Abdul Salam Ahmad Haniyeh was a Palestinian politician and a leader of the Hamas organization. He was assassinated and martyred on August 10, 1403 AH in Tehran, one day after the inauguration ceremony of the ninth president of Iran, along with one of his bodyguards. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method based on comparative literature, describes the personality of Ismail Haniyeh, the incident of his martyrdom, and also his odes based on the poetry of Arab and Persian-speaking poets, based on two different languages   and cultures, which makes the subject attractive. The result of this research shows that the axes of sustainability in Persian and Arabic are similar enough, which makes the culture of sacrifice, martyrdom, and unity more influential for Muslims, and the expression of literary devices used in the poems indicates the growth and literary richness of the poets of both languages. This research, based on library and internet tools, attempts to examine the common and distinctive manifestations of this literary type from the perspective of central elements such as resistance, sacrifice, martyrdom, unity, and religious identity, with a comparative look at the literature of sustainability in Persian and Arabic. It has also been tried to show, by analyzing the poems of prominent poets of both languages, how the literature of sustainability provides a suitable platform for representing emotion, culture, belief, and social commitment in the context of popular struggles against oppression and colonialism. A comparative study of the personality of martyr Ismail Haniyeh shows that revealing the heroes of the resistance in literary poetry is a type of cultural modeling that is widely practiced in both Arabic and Persian literature. Finally, this research, by comparing the elements of the two languages and their differences and similarities, highlights the focus on sustainability literature and concludes that despite linguistic and climatic differences, sustainability literature in both languages   lays an effective role in awakening nations and promoting human values.   

   Women in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh are not merely complementary figures but hold a foundational position in its mythological narratives. They embody wisdom, love, and courage, and often resolve the most challenging predicaments at critical historical moments. The primary aim of this study is to analyze the authoritative personalities of the women in Shahnameh based on Maureen Murdock's Heroine's Journey theory. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method. In her theory of authority, Murdock discusses the feminine quest within the confines of patriarchy, asserting that women, in their search for self-identity, sometimes fall into the trap of imitating male models of power—an approach that prioritizes ambition and external authority over inner exploration. The findings reveal that the women of Shahnameh, despite the social constraints of their time, occupy a unique and influential position. In diverse roles—ranging from wise and compassionate mothers to brave warriors and shrewd politicians—they play a pivotal part in advancing the narratives and shaping cultural and social transformations. Murdock’s theory highlights the indirect influence of women through soft power, such as wisdom, love, and strategy, which is vividly reflected in characters like Rudabeh, Tahmineh, Franak, and Gordafarid. These characters are not merely companions to male heroes but are central agents of power, playing a decisive role in determining individual and collective destinies. Shahnameh, with its profound and multifaceted portrayal of women, demonstrates that power transcends gender and is rooted in individual abilities and intelligent interactions with others.    Keywords: Shahnameh, Maureen Murdock, authority, power, women in Shahnameh.   

 The story, which is one of the types of the novel; It is a prose narrative that includes events, processes, people and events. And if the author's pen is powerful and eloquent; It makes reading the work more attractive for readers. Ebrahim Nasrallah is a writer who has an eloquent, attractive and powerful pen. He is the author of great works for which he has received awards. One of his works is a trilogy called "Trilogy of Aljaras", which he wrote as a continuation of his previous work "Divine Comedy of Palestine". In this trilogy, a novel named "Dabbaba under the Eid al-Milad tree" is included. This research has analyzed the content of this novel. Content analysis is the examination of the theme of a work. The novel "Dababa under the Eidul Milad tree" is a political novel; In terms of the issue related to Israel's attack on Palestine and the occupation of this country. And during the novel, other issues such as emotional, social, cultural and religious issues are also discussed and it can be said that the novel is not dry and soulless and life flows in it. The concreteness and perceptibility of the flow of life in this novel is due to the Palestinian identity of Ibrahim Nasrallah, who is forced to live in a refugee camp with his family for a while due to the attack and occupation of his country by the Zionist regime. The research method, in this research, the content analysis is descriptive-analytical, and by using library resources, data collection and data collection, the results of political, religious, social, emotional, and cultural content analysis have been discussed. is And among the results obtained in this research is the depiction of the pain and suffering of the Palestinian people. By creating fictional characters, Ibrahim Nasrallah has used them to serve his purposes and depicted a period of history that represents the pain and suffering of a nation that occupied and looted their land. Keywords: Ebrahim Nasrallah- attack of the Zionist regime- content analysis- Palestine

Metaphor in ancient rhetoric is one of the topics that emphasizes the beauty and elegance of words. This type of metaphor has no other use except in the poems and words of Wadiban speakers. Metaphor is a concept formed in the vast expansion of linguistics, which is one of the growing and effective views about the nature of mind and language and their relationship with physical experiences. In this research, we are looking for how Bashara Al-Khouri used conceptual metaphors in his poems. Bashara al-Khouri published his national poems under the name of Akhtal al-Saghir, one of the works of this poet is his divan. In the poem of Akhtal al-Saghir, topics such as sadness, happiness, love and homeland are discussed. One of the most important results we have reached in this research is that love, homeland, sadness and happiness are very frequent in the poems of Akhtal al-Saghir. Metaphor is a concept in Bashar's poem.  

(در دكان جنيد برده­فروش... اتاقي بزرگ با دو در، كه يكي از آن­ها در پايين سمت راست صحنه و رو به بيرون، و دومي در بالاي سمت راستِ [صحنه] و منتهي به داخل خانه قرار دارد. جلوي صحنه را يك مبلِ نزديك به زمين، اشغال كرده كه با حصيرها و زيلوهايي پوشانده شده و روي آن كوسن­هاي مخملي است، و سمت چپ صحنه را مبل ديگري مانند آن اشغال كرده است و فضاي تنگ و باريكي در گوشه، آن دو مبل را از هم جدا مي­كند. «زمان، اول صبح است»). (هنگام بالا رفتن پرده، ابودلامه ديده مي­شود كه با ابوعطاء سندي نشسته و مقابل آن­ها بشقاب­ها و ظرف شراب و جام­ها است و هر دو مشغول خوردن و نوشيدن هستند). ابو دلامه: (به بشقاب­ها نگاه مي­كند) عجيب است... چقدر زود كباب تمام شد! ابو عطاء: (ظرف شراب را تكان مي­دهد) شراب (يا نوشيدني) هم تمام شد. ابو دلامه: بدون ترديد، شيطان امروز با ما خورده و نوشيده است. واي بر تو سندي، آيا به من يادآوري نكردي كه از قبل، نام خدا را ياد كنيم؟ ابو عطاء: اي ابو دلامه، من شيطان را جز در شكم تو نمي­بينم... به خدا كه من امروز بدتر از تو نديدم. گويا بيماري­اي كه داشتي، فقط ميل تو را به خوردن و نوشيدن بيشتر كرد. ابو دلامه: بگذار آنچه را كه از دست داده­ام جبران كنم، اگر مي­خواهي از خدا بخواه كه اين اتفاق براي تو هم بيفتد. ابو عطاء: اگر مي­تواني براي ما بيشتر سفارش دهي، پس برايمان يك كاسه شراب ديگر سفارش بده. ابو دلامه: اين برده­فروش بخيل كجاست؟ (صدا مي­زند) جنيد! جنيد! جنيد: (وارد مي­شود) بله؟ ابو دلامه: با كبابي به ما كمك كن! جنيد: واي بر تو ابو دلامه، مي­خواهي خانه­ام را خراب كني؟ از كجا برايت گوشت بياورم، در حالي­كه هنوز بدهي قبلي­ات را به من پرداخت نكرده­اي؟ ابو عطاء: ابو دلامه آنچه خورديم برايمان كافي­ست، فقط يك جام ديگر شراب براي ما بياورد. ابو دلامه: جنيد برايمان شراب بياور! جنيد: آيا يك ظرف براي شما كافي نبود، با اين­كه پولي نداريد؟ ابو دلامه: اي نخاس (برده­فروش) يا جام شرابي براي ما مي­آوري يا به خليفه خبر مي­دهم كه تو خمر را به نام نبيذ مي­فروشي! جنيد: نه... اين كار را نكن ابو دلامه... هرچه مي­خواهي برايت مي­آورم.  

Translating the Holy Quran into any language, including Persian, is very difficult and requires mastery of the source and destination languages. Among the Persian translations of the Holy Quran, especially in recent decades, there are several translations that are accurate and fluent and beautiful have been published, and the translation of Professor Bahrampour is one of the most prominent among them. (Royanian, 2018: 68). Considering the oldness of the translation and the fact that most of the translations were literal in the past, it may be assumed that this work is a literal translation; Because the predecessors, out of concern for maintaining trust in translating the Qur'an, did their best to ensure that nothing was added from the original text, and that all words and letters were translated into the target language exactly as they are in the original language. But since in every language there are allusions, metaphors and terms that the lack of accuracy in translating causes complexity and ambiguity in the target text, and also because each language has its own format and structure. and the structure of sentences in Persian language is not completely consistent with Arabic language, measuring the success rate of this category of translations in conveying the concepts of the Qur'an requires research and investigation. (Tak-tabar Firouzjai, Naseri and Skaili, 2015: 3) Sometimes the reviews are topical; that is, a literary or syntactic discussion and. A translation is criticized among different translations, and sometimes the criticisms refer to a specific translation, which is of the second type. (Tabibi, Nabavi, 2018: 87). The purpose of the research is to put his translation in the crucible of criticism with the descriptive analytical method and examine the accuracy of the translator in understanding and conveying the divine message of the verses. Keywords: Quran, Criticism, Translation, Abolfazl Bahrampour  

   لك الحمد يا من زين الأزهان بمعرفة حقائق العلوم والأداب و لك الشكر يا من رفع الأدران بتناول دقائق الأسباب والصلواة والسلام علي هيولي منبع الوجود و أساس بناء الكرم والجود حضرت مُحمَّد المصطفي و علي آله و أصحابه النجباء إلي يوم اللقاء لما انفتق فجر الإسلام اعتنق علماء الإسلام بكمال الإخلاص إلي مباني الشريعة و ذرائعها و توجهوا إلي طرقها المستقيمة لأن يصلوا إلي المشرعة العظمي و ادلوا الادلاء فيها حتي اخذوا قدر مستطاعهم منها و رفعوا عمن هو عطش إلي معالم الأمور الغواشي و وشحوا وشاح الفضل لهم فجزاهم الله عنا أحسن الجزاء و أكرمهم أكرم الأبواء والحمدلله والمنة فقد دامت مناهجم العالية إلي يومنا هذا حتي اعطت نتائجهم الباهرة و انجبت خدماتهم الظاهره أساتيدنا الكرام فازدهروا بانخراطهم في سمط التقرير و سلك التحرير ففي البداية اري واجباً علي أن اتقدم بالشكر التام للباعثين علي هذه الجامعة المباركة و علي راسهم معالي مدير الموقر و جميع القائمين علي قسم الدراسات العليا وكلية الأداب خاصة فرع اللغة العربية و في مقدمهم فضيلة عميد الكلية فمن الطف الله به وجعله ذخرا لأبويه الأستاذ الشفيق الحميم و المحنك الخبير سماحة الاستاذ الدكتور شهريار همتي فأقبل اياديه البيض فقد اعطي خدماته السامية و اعطي القوس بارئها بالأشراف علي هذه الرسالة كما اتقدم بطوي الخالص و ملا الافواه كمال الفضيلة لاستاذة المساعدة الدكتورة مريم رحمتي حقا بلغت إلي اقصي ذروة الاخلاق و استوقفت اليها الاحداق فجزاها الله خير الجزاء و بلغها إلي اغصان آمالها بجاه نبيه وأله و نشكر من قاطبة اساتذتي في الحوزات العلمية بمحافظة الكردستان فانهم لم آلوا جهدا لهذا الحقير من بدو التعليم إلي يومي هذا و فتحوا لي حجورهم المباركة بغية التربية والتعليم لا زالوا مقبولين في سدة الباري و عتبته العاليه و اتقدم بجزيل الشكر لزملائي العظام وكل من حضضني في انجاز هذا العمل العالي خاصة الأصدقاء الاعزاء بدار الكردستان. فنرجوا الله أن يجزيهم بما لديه و أسكنهم بحبحة جنانه بحرمة نبيه وآله.

   Translator's word The industry of translating and translating literary works has played an important role in the contemporary era in understanding and interpreting the works of great authors to lovers of science and literature, Arabic language is one of the languages ??that has valuable works in its heart that deserve to be introduced and known to others. "Al-Maqsala and the spies of al-Shabak al-Zioni" is one of the books of the revolutionary and militant novelist, Abdullah Ghalib al-Barghouti. Abdullah Ghalib al-Barghouthi is one of the fighters who has done many activities against the Zionist regime and because of this he has spent many years of his life in their prisons. In fact, he can be considered as one of the revolutionary leaders who played a significant role in the fight against the Zionists. In order to torture him, the Zionist regime used to transfer him successively and monthly from one prison to another with his hands and feet chained. During this period, Barghouthi was sent to various prisons, including "Beer El Saba", "Ashqlan", "Beer El Saba", "Jalboa", "Raymon", "Ayalon", and "Mskobiyeh". Just as Abdullah had forbidden sleep to the Zionists before his imprisonment, after his captivity, with his long hunger strike and commendable resistance, he brought the message of the oppression of the Palestinian nation to the ears of the world and once again made the Zionists helpless. 9 works including biographies and 8 novels have been written. Among his works, we can refer to "Al-Muhandes Ali al-Tariq", "Al-Majda", "Palestine al-Ashaqah wal-Mashouq", "Al-Maqdisi and Shayatin", "Al-Haykal al-Zoom", "Ameer al-Zal". The theme of the novel "Al-Maqsala and Jawasis al-Shabak Al-Zioni" is the stories of the confrontation between the resistance and the Zionist occupying agents, this novel is not only a product of the author's imagination, but also shows the social reality of the people in it. The main hero of the story is a young man named "Shehab", most of the events of the story take place around this character, one of the characteristics of the author in this novel is his reckle  ess and frankness in expressing his opinions and opinions. In this thesis, we try to translate the book "Al-Maqsila and spies of al-Shabak al-Sioni" by "Abdullah Ghalib al-Barghouthi" using communicative translation.   

چكيدهجايگاه والاي سعدي شاعر تواناي قرن هفتم در فرهنگ و ادب ايران و جهان بر هيچ­كس پوشيده نيست. اين شاعر برجسته در دو عرصة زبان فارسي و عربي استادي كم نظير بوده­است. چيرگي و تسلّط وي بر ادب عربي صرف نظر از توقف و سكونت وي در بلاد اسلامي- عربي، نشان از داد و ستد ادبي و پيوندهاي ريشه­دار زبان فارسي و عربي در روزگار شاعر دارد. از مهمترين مشخصّه­هاي زباني سعدي در اشعارش به كارگيري تركيبات فارسي در قالب عربي است و اين بيانگر علاقة وافر شاعر به زبان مادري خويش است.مقايسه اشعار عربي و فارسي سعدي با هم ويافتن تشابهات مضموني و تصويري(از منظر تشبيه و استعاره) يافتة اساسي اين پايان­نامه است. به عبارتي محورهاي اصلي اين پژوهش كه در حوزة ادبيات تطبيقي (مكتب فرانسه) نگاشته شده­است، عبارتند از: الف: مقايسة اشعار عربي سعدي با اشعار فارسي وي از نظر مضامين مشترك و ذكر شواهد شعري. ب: مقايسه اشعار عربي با اشعار فارسي وي از نظر تصاوير مشترك(شامل تشبيه و استعاره) و ذكر شواهد شعري.واژگان كليدي: اشعار عربي و فارسي سعدي، مضامين مشترك، تشبيه و استعاره